Some time ago I prepared a draft-post to tell you about the 2-Billion-Years-Old nuclear reactor in Oklo (Gabon, in Central Africa). However the scishow guys come first with an episode on the subject, an episode that I warmly recommend you :) Bonus info: To get a "controlled" and self-sustained nuclear fission requires extremely care! The first nuclear reactor was turned on 2 December 1942 by Enrico Fermi, at University of Chicago. It was called the Chicago Pile-1 and it was built under the west viewing stands of a football field! (No joke!)... tomorrow you'll find a post about it :) Other references: http://arxiv.org/abs/1404.4948 https://medium.com/the-physics-arxiv-blog/in-the-1970s-scientists-discovered-a-2-billion-year-old-nuclear-reactor-in-west-africa-4472460b82c2